What kind of life will we have, what does it mean for the workplace and how do we get there?
Monday 6. February la Delingsøkonomiutvalget presented its report. Selection comes with interesting recommendations about the taxation of private hire and easier solutions for skatterapportering of småinntekter. More controversial is the proposal about the abolition of the requirement drosjeløyve.
These are important questions, but the touch still just a sliver of the tasks in the face of new technology.
Perhaps it is a good idea sometimes to take just a little bit at a time. At the opposite end, it is easy to let themselves be paralyzing of the big technological revolutions that are changing the world as we know it. In books like “The Wealth of Humans” (review of the book, you can read here) and “the Future Job” (Fölster, 2016) we can read about major upheavals in the labour market, where the vast majority run the risk to be left without a job.
If we only emerge after the technology, we’re always late.
The Swedish economist Stefan Fölster draws parallels to “the Hunger Games”, and postulates that the “At a time when the robots and computers better than humans for everything. And some countries are going to let large parts of the population go available in poverty, much like in the movie “the Hunger Games“.
But it need not be so. Which Fölster points out there are alternative. It is here that politics comes in. The biggest problem with the current teknologidebatt is not that there is too little of it, it is that it is the reverse. What is this technology and what does it do with us, we ask. What problem has it created now, and how should we solve it? Thus, we end up with to run for the technology, instead of using it to solve the tasks we still have. If we only emerge after the technology, we’re always late.
Delingsøkonomien means that basic questions about the workplace must be set again. What kind of workforce will we have, and how shall we provide for it? How do we want the future workforce to be?
Work is at the core of the welfare state, but equally important: A very large part of people’s lives. The difference between having a job and not having a job, is far greater than the income. Several studies show that the work is meaningful and has value beyond income. The job shapes us, work provides meaning and a job means a lot for how we have it. In addition, it is so that the taxes on the people who work are statsbudsjettets far the most important source of income.
Nevertheless, the researcher is technology and not work. I hope we in the study and the discussion that comes can find solutions to three tasks:
Permanent employment is still the best.
For the first, there are good reasons to still wish for a working life with regular employment. Holden III-sample surveys among Norwegian companies shows that good cooperation between management and employees is seen as a competitive advantage. Gudmund Hernes calls the trust-based and organised jobs for the Norwegian mikromodellen. Joseph Stiglitz believes that the safety net of the nordic countries, in the form of general welfare services with a consistently high level of performance, has contributed to the innovation. The risk of failure is not so great – thus, the more venture and more.
In addition, surveys that the employer is more inclined to invest in the expertise of the permanent staff. Trust and the accumulation of expertise is easier to get to in employment that lasts for a while. Secure jobs with relatively good wages, pushing up productivity and ensure that it pays more to work than to not do it.
Lower wages and unstable income can give lower;, which results in lower tax revenues, and can also impair your productivity our. In the construction industry have access to cheap labour, long since turned legs under technology, innovation and productivity. The value of a safe workplace with permanent positions has not been something less. Permanent employment is still the best. Then also the policy favoring the permanent employment.
today it is in many cases the opposite: It will be cheaper in the short term to engage a freelancer on a mission – free of social security contributions and pension obligations – than to hire a person. This policy change.
Freelancers are also working people.
second, it must arbeidslivspolitikken better way for those who not have a permanent job. Even if employers and employees largely want permanent positions, we see a modest increase in the number of norwegians who work without fixed employment. In the report, “the Self-employed in the Uk” estimated size of the Norwegian frilansermannskapet to approximately 250 000. There can also be multiple.
the class struggle referred in July 2016 to a survey conducted by Norstat among 2 000 norwegians aged 18-67 who showed that nine of ten young people want a permanent job. In the general population, the figure is lower – 77 percent. The young are more trygghetssøkende than the old. It still means that around 780 000 norwegians can imagine to do something else, like for example to start something of their own or be a freelancer. This is three times more than those that today are included in the group a freelancer and self-employed persons. In addition, there are all those who perhaps wanted a permanent job, but did not get it. And became freelancers instead.
Freelancers organize themselves in to a lesser extent than other workers – and challenge thus the Norwegian model. Trepartssamarbeidet, which is the core of the Norwegian model, has given us high productivity and prosperity. At the micro level through trust and cooperation. At the national level through the cooperation between fagbevegelse, employers ‘ associations and authorities. The model is built in a workplace where employers and employees can be divided into groups and organize themselves and negotiate with each other.
If unions are weakened, it becomes more difficult for the employer to negotiate with them. Then weaken the Norwegian model for all. Both sides of the labour market should therefore be concerned that freelancers will find a home. And the organizations need to give them value back.
the Welfare income is weakened also, for each avoided social security contributions.
More frilansing can also provide increased inequality. It is difficult to negotiate salary when it be clarified in nettauksjon. Fortunately, it is possible to negotiate wages collectively also for freelancers. It has several gone ahead and others can learn from them. Musicians ‘ joint, Skuespillerforbundet, Dramatikerforbundet and the motion picture association of america has many collective agreements that also contains frilanssatser. Film and TELEVISION is characterised by project work, so that get filmarbeidere and actors have fixed employment. Yet their salary regulated in the collective agreement between the motion picture association of america, and Serve.
the Welfare income is weakened also, for each avoided social security contributions. The employer can save money on to be the client instead of an employer, and there is neither the budget or the employee earned. In a note about freelancers is, therefore, Tankesmien Agenda called for oppdragsgiveravgift.
It is also necessary to do something with frilansernes pension. We will live longer and probably also work longer. But at some point, we need all the rest and care. The national insurance scheme are not to live by, why are employers required to save for their employees ‘ retirement through the mandatory occupational pension act. But not for freelancers and not employees with short contracts. Pension rights from the first time and the first penny could be a solution in a less stable labour market.
Delingsøkonomien must also share.
For the third: The black economy is growing, and skattetapet as follows of the black economy is estimated at over sixty billion a year. The black economy is in the process of creating an underclass of rettighetsløse workers, in addition to challenge the workplace to those who already earn the least.
Estimates from the white supremacist agendas report on undeclared work from 2015 suggest that the norwegians conscious buyer six million black hours cleaning each year. Delingsplattformer provides many opportunities for new business models, but also for tax evasion and black work. Undeclared work increases in scope and bøs turns harder on the.
We must strengthen the control and sanctioning by the purchase of black services. There should also be strict requirements for the portals (Find.no, my tender.en m.fl.) that they must ensure that the services they convey are white to a much greater extent than today, and we need to introduce an approval scheme for companies that provide construction services.
It is important to respond to specific challenges that arise in the enkeltnæringer. But we need to start in the right end. What kind of life will we have, what does it mean for the workplace and how do we get it? The technology is coming either way, good lives we must create yourself.
the Next time, I hope the government report on the future workforce.
